Say the word and you'll be free.
Say the word and be like me.

("The Word," by the Beatles, 1965)

A continuation of the process industry jargon related to:

The Process Variable Temperature
Process Industry Schematics (P&IDs)
and Process Industry Automation.

 

GIVE ME A "T" FOR "TEMPERATURE"

Clear Circles: ISA symbols for instruments that are located "in the field" which means in the processing area where all the pumps and pipes are located.

Indicator: An instrument that shows the status of the process Temperature, process Pressure, process Flowrate, or a process container Level. A Temperature Indicator displays the current Temperature, a Pressure Indicator displays the current pressure, etc.

(Thermo) Well: A device that protects the temperature detecting and measuring part of at TI from the fluid that is in the pipe flowing around the well.

TC: ISA P&ID terminology for a Temperature Controller.

TIC: ISA P&ID terminology for a Temperature Indicating Controller.

TR: ISA P&ID terminology for a Temperature Recorder.

TT: ISA P&ID terminology for a Temperature Transmitter.

 

ALL BOARD OPERATORS ARE CONTROL FREAKS

The First Control Rooms

Air Pressure Signals (Pneumatic Signals): Changes in air pressure between 3 to 15 psi that are used to operate pneumatic instruments.

Control Board/Control Panel: The surface that provides the physical interface between Control Room Operators and the automated instruments embedded into them.

Control Board Operator: The process facility worker that is responsible for observing, analyzing, and making process changes when necessary using the automated instruments centralized in the Control Room.

Control Room: A room that is located away from the processing area and in which the indicating, controlling, recording, and alarming instruments of process automation are located.

Four (Main) Process Variables: Temperature, Pressure, Flowrate, and Level. Manipulation of  process Temperature, process Pressure, process stream Flowrate, and container Levels is how feedstocks are converted into desired products.

A fifth Process Variable called Analytical is often in use. However the use of Analytical is process-specific and thus will not be included in PTOA Focus Studies.

Pneumatic Transmitter: A device in a control loop that changes the process measurement (could be a process Temperature, a process Pressure, a process stream Flowrate, or container Level) into a pneumatic signal between 3 to 15 psi and sends the pneumatic signal to the next component in the control loop.

 

CONTROL ROOM HARDWARE

No additional Process Industry jargon appeared in this PTOA segment.

 

 

 

ISA SYMBOLS ARE TELL-TALE SIGNS

ISA Nomenclature Reveals Where the Instrument Hardware Can Be Found

Horizontal Diameter: The horizontal line drawn across the center, or widest part,  of a circle.

ISA symbols that show circles with horizontal diameters infer that the instrument is embedded into a control panel that is located in a control room.

ISA P&ID Tag Names (of Control Room Instruments): The letters of a tag name for a control room instrument are drawn above the horizontal diameter and the numbers of the tag name are drawn below the horizontal diameter. See Horizontal Diameter for further clarification.

Lead Tag Name Letters: Lead Tag Name Letters reveal which process variable is being monitored or controlled by the instrument.

Lead Tag Name Letter "T" infers the instrument is associated with controlling "Temperature."

Lead Tag Name Letter "P" infers the instrument is associated with controlling "Pressure."

Lead Tag Name Letter  "F" infers the instrument is associated with controlling "Flowrate."

Lead Tag Name Letter "L" infers the instrument is associated with controlling "Level."

Level Transmitter 65 (LT 65): The English words and the ISA P&ID tag name for a level transmitter that is part of control loop #65 whose components are involved with controlling a container level.

Process Indicating Controller (PIC 105): The English words and the ISA P&ID tag name for a process indicating controller that is part of control loop #105 whose components are involved with controlling pressure.

 

ENTER COMPUTER-AGE PROCESS CONTROL

Comparing Old and New Control Rooms

No additional Process Industry Jargon appeared in this PTOA segment.

 

THE MANY BENEFITS OF HIGH TECH CONTROL SCHEMES

How are Digitized and Non Digitized Control Rooms Different?

 

 

No additional Process Industry Jargon appeared in this segment. This segment reviewed use of the following jargon that first appeared in the PTOA Orientation series:

Distributed Control System (DCS)

Man Machine Interface (MMI)

Human Machine Interface (HMI)

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

 

I JUST GOTTA GET A MESSAGE TO U

ISA P&ID Piping and Connection Symbols

Capillary filled tube signals on a P&ID: Capillary signals are drawn as regularly spaced Xs marked over a straight line. This nomenclature means the signal is being sent via changes in a very small liquid filled tube.

PTOA Readers and Students will mostly see this signal in conjunction with a local controlling instrument called a Foxboro 43 AP.  Capillary control modes are also used in specialized environments that must eliminate any possibility of electrical spark.

Conduit: A pipe with electrical wires inside of it. The electric wires connect electrical devices in a control loop. Other conduit pipes distribute the electricity utility from the electric source to the process units.

Data link signal lines on a P&ID: Data link signals are drawn as regularly spaced clear circles interrupting a line. This nomenclature implies a digital signal in the form of 0s and 1s is being sent between components in a Digital Control System.

Electrical signal lines on a P&ID: Electrical signal lines are drawn as dashed lines. This nomenclature implies an electrical signal between 4 and 20 mA is being sent between electrical instrument components.

Electromagnetic signal lines on a P&ID: Electromagnetic signal lines are drawn as regularly spaced sinusoidal waves over a straight line. This nomenclature implies electromagnetic induction is used in the instrument.

Header: The pipe that is connected to the outlet of a utility generator and distributes the utility to the parts of the processing complex that need the utility.

For example, an Instrument Air Header is connected to the discharge from an Instrument Air compressor and distributes the utility Instrument Air to the areas of the plant that need this utility.

A Cooling Water Header is connected to the outflow from a Cooling Tower and distributes the utility "cold water' to areas of the plant that need cooling water.

A Fuel Gas Header is connected to a Fuel Gas drum and distributes the utility of Fuel Gas to the parts of the plant that need Fuel Gas.

Hydraulic signal lines on a P&ID: Hydraulic signal lines are drawn as capital "Ls" drawn over a straight line at regular intervals. This nomenclature means that hydraulic pressure is in use for control between components...which may be equipment...in a hydraulic system.

Instrument Air Compressor: The piece of equipment that takes ambient air and adds pressure to it and then discharges the pressurized air into an Instrument Air Header for delivery to pneumatic instruments. Instrument Air Compressors are part of the Instrument Air utility.

Pneumatic signal lines on a P&ID: Pneumatic signal lines are drawn with regularly spaced double-hash marks drawn over a solid line.This nomenclature means a pneumatic signal between 3 and 15 psi is being sent between instrument components. Most control vales (CVs) are pneumatically actuated.

 

YAKETY-YAK SIGNAL TRANSMISSION ON A P&ID

HOW ISA TRANSMISSION SIGNALS APPEAR ON A MODERN P&ID

Level Transducer: A control loop instrument that converts the electrical output signal from a controller into a pneumatic signal that a pneumatically operated valve can understand.

"Y": The letter ISA assigned to mean "Transducer." Y was used instead of T because T was already in use for "Temperature."

 

EVER EVOLVING ISA SYMBOLS

ISA Symbols for DCS Components:  DCS components are shown with a square box drawn around the ISA symbol for a control-room instrument. The ISA symbol for a control room instrument is a circle with a horizontal diameter line; the tag name letters are drawn above the line and the tag name numbers are drawn below the line.

Temperature Transducer 10045 (TY 10045): The English phrase and ISA tag name for a device used to convert the output signal from TIC 10045 into a pneumatic signal that TV 10045 (a pneumatically actuated valve) can understand.

 

Great going, PTOA Readers and Students!

This concludes a process industry jargon recap related to:

The Process Variable Temperature
Process Industry Schematics (P&IDs)
and Process Industry Automation

On to the next PTOA Focus Study Areas that will integrate and apply what you already have learned!

 

©2015 PTOA Segment 00020
PTOA Process Industry Jargon 1-2

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