WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? (#4 … Part 2) BEGIN THE PTOA PV PRESSURE FOCUS STUDY AREA

Because love's such an old fashioned word

And love dares you to care for

The people on the edge of the night

And love dares you to change our way of

Caring about ourselves

This is our last dance

This is ourselves

Under pressure

("Under Pressure," by David Bowie and Queen, 1981)

PTOA'S PROCESS VARIABLE PRESSURE FOCUS STUDY AREA
PLAN-OF-ATTACK CONTINUED

David Bowie and Freddie Mercury (of Queen)

Brilliant PTOA Readers and Students ... meaning those who read the PTOA Segments in the intended, sequential order ... already know that this PTOA Segment #139 features Parts 5 through 8 of the PTOA PV Pressure Focus Study Area Instruction Outline.

PTOA Readers and Students have already learned that Part 1 and Part 2 of the PTOA PV Pressure Focus Study Area will be heavy on PV Pressure Fundamentals. PTOA Readers and Students must be familiar with the PV Pressure Fundamentals so that they can recognize how the fundamentals are applied in Rotating Equipment for the purpose of infusing Pressure Energy into fluids.

PTOA Readers and Students are also aware that Part 3 of the PTOA PV Pressure Focus Study Area uses the example of a Single Stage Centrifugal Pump to illustrate how Pressure Energy can be infused into a flowing liquid.

Although PTOA Readers and Students may wonder sometimes ... there IS a method to the madness with the remaining topics in the PTOA PV Pressure Focus Study Area Instruction Outline.

PTOA Readers and Students will become aware that liquids ... unlike gases and vapors ... are not "compressible." Being "non-compressible" means that liquids are perfectly happy to take the path of least resistance and not to be infused with Pressure Energy.

So ... what is the magic trick required to infuse a "non-compressible," flowing liquid with Pressure Energy? All will be revealed to PTOA Readers and Students by the time Parts 3,4, and 5 of the PTOA PV Pressure Focus Study Area have been concluded.

The "power-supplying-side" of a Pump or Compressor is the focus of Part 4 and Part 5 of the PTOA PV Pressure Focus Study Area. Pumps and Compressors could not operate without being coupled to and empowered by a Driver/Prime Mover!

The Steam Turbine on the left provides the motive force (aka "Drives") the Electrical Generator on the right.

All Pumps and Compressors must be coupled to Drivers because they cannot rotate around and around or move repeatedly back-and-forth on their own. The important hardware that makes all the rockin' and rollin' possible ... all whilst generating the PV Pressure ... requires a plethora of special-duty hardware.

And guess what? The Process Operator is THE PERSON that makes sure friction does not cause unexpected wear and tear on the many metal parts that are constantly rocked and rolled while they help generate the PV Pressure.

The Gas Turbine supplies the motive force (aka "Drives") whichever "Load" it is coupled to. The rotating shaft with the red rotating ring might be coupled to a Compressor, or a Pump, or an Electrical Generator.

Truth be known, the content PTOA Readers and Students will learn in the PTOA Drivers/Prime Movers Focus Study (Part 5) is of primary interest to future Process Industry employers.

Understanding the form and function of Drivers/Prime Movers is a necessary first step toward keeping them online and operating between planned shutdowns.

Pay attention PTOA Readers and Students!

The Driver known as a Gas Turbine is playing a major role bridging the gap between moving totally off the carbon-based economy and into greener sources of electrical power generation.

After completing the PTOA PV Pressure Driver/Prime Mover Focus Study, PTOA Readers and Students will learn about the form and function of other types of Pumps (Part 6) and Compressors (Part 7) used in the Process Industries.

The PTOA PV Pressure Instrumentation Focus Study (Part 8) concludes the PTOA PV Pressure Focus Study Area. This section features the popular instruments that are used to detect/measure and transduce/transmit the PV Pressure to the Outside Process Operator and the Control Board Operator. Discrete Control ("On-Off" Control) is also introduced.

Parts 5 through 8 of the PTOA PV Pressure Focus Study Area Instruction Outline are listed below.

THE PTOA PV PRESSURE FOCUS STUDY AREA
PART 5: COMMON PROCESS INDUSTRY DRIVERS/PRIME MOVERS

PTOA Focus Study on Motors and Troubleshooting Motors.
PTOA Focus Study on Engines.
PTOA Focus Study on Steam Turbines.
PTOA Focus Study on Gas Turbines:
- Form and Function of Gas Turbines.
- Analyzing GT Operational Stauts, Performance, and Efficiency.
- Cogeneration of Electrical Power and Steam (aka HRSG Gas Turbine Configuration).
- GT Start-Up and GT Shut-Down.
- GT Operator Interface with GT Control Consoles.

THE PTOA PV PRESSURE FOCUS STUDY AREA
PART 6: THE FORM AND FUNCTION OF PUMP FAMILY TREE MEMBERS

Centrifugal Pumps and Compressors have a range of Capacity (Gallons per Minute). Positive Displacement Pumps and Compressors have ONE Capacity.

The Two Main Classifications of Pumps.
Pros and Cons of Dynamic and Positive Displacement Pumps.
PTOA Dynamic Pumps Focus Study:
- Dropping the Mic on Dynamic Centrifugal Pumps and Axial Pumps.
- Special Dynamic Pumps Use the "Venturi Effect" (aka the PV Pressure↔Fluid Velocity Swap).
- Artificial Lift Pumps.
PTOA Positive Displacement Pumps Focus Study:
- Form and Function of Positive Displacement Pumps and How to Determine Pump Volumetric Efficiency.
- Single-Acting and Double-Acting Reciprocating-Action PD Pumps.
- Rotary-Motion Positive Displacement Pump Overview, including Intro to Hydraulic Pumps.
- Rotary-Motion PD Gear Pumps.
- Rotary-Motion PD Vane Pumps.
- Rotary-Motion PD Screw Pumps.
Vacuum Pumps.

THE PTOA PV PRESSURE FOCUS STUDY AREA
PART 7: THE FORM ANDFUNCTION OFCOMPRESSOR FAMILY TREE MEMBERS

Introduction to Dynamic and Positive Displacement Compressors and their ISA Symbols.
The Process Industry Jobs Performed by Compressors and Gases that have been Compressed.
Matching Compressor Job to Compressor Type.
PTOA Dynamic Compressor Focus Study
- Single Stage Centrifugal Compressors.
- Multi-Stage Centrifugal Compressors.
- Axial Flow Compressors.
- Causes and Prevention of Dynamic Compressor Surge.
PTOA Positive Displacement Compressor Focus Study:
- Reciprocating Positive Displacement Compressors.

THE PTOA PV PRESSURE FOCUS STUDY AREA
PART 8: COMMON PV PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS USED TO DETECT/MEASURE
AND TRANSDUCE/TRANSMIT THE PV PRESSURE TO HUMANKIND

PTOA PV Pressure Common Detecting/Measuring/Transmitting Instruments Focus Study

Form and Function of "Wet" Pressures Sensors (aka, Manometers).
Form and Function of "Dry" Pressure Sensors:
- Diaphragm and Bellows Sensors.
- Bourdon Tubes, Hysteresis, and Dead Weight Tester.
Form and Function of Pressure Switches and Intro to Discrete (On-Off) Control.
Form and Function of Electronic Pressure Transducers/Transmitters.

LET'S GO!

TIME TO LEARN ABOUT THE PROCESS VARIABLE PRESSURE!

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